A Roth IRA is an individual retirement account that allows individuals to contribute after-tax dollars, with the benefit of tax-free withdrawals of qualified distributions in retirement.

Yes, income limits apply to Roth IRA contributions. For 2024, single filers with a modified adjusted gross income (MAGI) of $153,000 or more and married couples filing jointly with a MAGI of $228,000 or more are not eligible to contribute directly to a Roth IRA.

The primary tax benefit of a Roth IRA is that contributions are made after-tax, but qualified withdrawals, including earnings, are tax-free. This can provide significant tax savings in retirement.

Yes, contributions to a Roth IRA can be withdrawn at any time without penalties or taxes. However, earnings can only be withdrawn tax- and penalty-free if specific conditions are met, such as being over age 59½ and having the account for at least five years.

The main differences are in contribution limits and availability. Roth IRAs have lower contribution limits and are available to individuals, while Roth 401(k)s have higher limits and are employer-sponsored. Additionally, Roth IRAs do not require Required Minimum Distributions (RMDs) during the account holder’s lifetime.